Characteristics of Sub-Aerially Emplaced Pyroclasts in the Surtsey Eruption Deposits: Implications for Diverse Surtseyan Eruptive Styles

The 1963–1967 shallow-to-emergent eruption in Iceland’s Vestmannaeyjar earned a place the history of volcanology by creating island Surtsey while under close observation volcanologist Sigurdur Thorarinsson (Sigurður Þórarinsson Icelandic). This is an example what now called Surtseyan volcanism, and it included explosive effusive phases from multiple vents that formed itself, as well one fully subaqueous pyroclastic edifice two additional, but ephemeral, islands. identified tephra jetting continuous uprush characteristic types subaerial activity volcanism. Subaerial cone-forming deposits volcanism are typically poorly sorted, with fine-grained beds rich sideromelane ash fragments, punctuated larger, ubiquitously composite bombs, whereas sampled coring deep into submarine include fines-poor horizons dominated vesicular coarse ash. Here, we present new textural data highlight diversity pyroclasts microtextures (Surtur I Surtur II) its satellite (Surtla, Syrtlingur Jolnir), context We used several sample sets. Some were collected during 3.5-year long conserved Icelandic Natural History Museum, including core drilled 1979. Other samples more recent field campaigns on Island. In closing, discuss implications this for range products produced Surtsey.